Intra-uterine device (IUD)

An intra-uterine device (IUD) is a small plastic object that, contains either copper or a hormone. It works in two ways:

• by stopping the sperm reaching an egg
• preventing a fertilised egg from attaching to the lining of the uterus.

Things to consider

• It is very convenient and cheap because it lasts up to 10 years.
• The effectiveness may be slightly lower after 5 years depending on the type of IUD.
• It can be removed at any time, with fertility returning quickly for most people.
• You must visit a doctor or health service to have it fitted.
• The IUD may not be suitable for some people.
• There can be pain or discomfort when it is inserted.
• Some people can get pain from time to time after it is in place.
• It may cause irregular bleeding or painful periods. If this happens, see your doctor.
• It may cause periods to be heavier with more cramps.
• If you have any unusual bleeding or pain, see your doctor or health service.
• Each month you must check that the IUD is still in place. Your doctor will show you how to do this.
• Pelvic infection, which could lead to infertility in the future can be a risk for some people. The highest risk of infection is the first 3 weeks after insertion. It is a good idea to have tests for sexually transmitted infections at the time of insertion to minimize this risk.
• The cost of an IUD, plus a doctor’s visit may be a lot to pay at one time.
• If there is any chance you are pregnant, you must see your doctor, as there could be complications such as miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy.
• Some IUDs, called intra-uterine system (IUS) also contain a slow releasing progestogen. These are more expensive, but may be suitable for people who have very heavy periods.
• IUDs are very effective contraceptives, but will not protect you against STIs.

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This publication is provided for education and information purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical care. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not imply endorsement and is not intended to replace advice from your healthcare professional. Readers should note that over time currency and completeness of the information may change. All users should seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional for a diagnosis and answers to their medical questions.